* How Did Radioactive Decay Start in Earth's Crust? Real Science Radio co-hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams describe Walt Brown's Hydroplate Theory from his book, In the Beginning, and Dr. Brown's discovery of the origin of Earth's radioactivity. Ways to learn about the origin of Earth's radioactivity:
- Listen to today's program (above)
- Read this written show page
- Read Bob's brief 2019 RMCF articles Part 1 & Part 2
- Read Walt's theory at creationscience.com
- See this visually just below in Bryan Nickel's video tutorial
- Read Walt's theory beginning on page 380 of the PDF of ITB 9th Edition.

Consider:
- God created a paradise for mankind so no radioactivity would have existed on the original Earth because radioactive decay can cause birth defects, disease, and death with lowered lifespans.
- For ex., uranium formed on Earth, as evidence by its worldwide ratio (see below) 
- The fourth state of matter, beyond solid, liquid, and gas, is plasma (lightning, neon lights, etc.) which is like a gas but with the electrons stripped away.
- By the piezoelectric effect, pressure on quartz produces an electric voltage and the granite in the Earth's crust is more than one-fourth quartz.
- Z-pinched electrical pulses produce nuclear combustion by stripping away electrons and then squeezing together nuclei producing radioactive and other elements.
- Decay rates speed up by a billion times or more when half lives are measured for atoms stripped of their electrons; for example when ionized the 41-billion year half life of rhenium's beta decay speeds up to 33 years.
- Atmospheric lightning produces new isotopes (most of which decay within minutes). 
2017 Update: Nature reports that lightning storms "trigger atmospheric photonuclear reactions" that produce isotopes. [In 2010 Dr. Brown published his Radioactivity theory including references to little noticed research showing that atmospheric lightning produces radioisotopes (and also explains the Oklo Natural "Reactor").]

- Earthquake Lights: Earthquakes produce piezoelectric lightning flashes in the ground and also, coming out of the ground. (See also rsr.org/eql.)
2017 Update: Twitter video of this phenomenon during Mexico's deadly magnitude 8.1 quake. [Thanks to RSR London listener Remy for the heads up.]
2016 Update: Video of earthquake lights surface, this time after New Zealand's magnitude 7.8 quake epicentered between Christchurch and Wellington.
2014 Update: A paper in the journal Seismological Research Letters is reported on in USA Today's Scientists find records of rare 'earthquake lights'.
2013 Update: This may be the phenomena causing the apparent pre-quake disturbances in the ionosphere that led scientists to consider a possible earthquake warning system, as reported in 2008 by BBC News, and pursued by the U.K. and Russia in 2011 and generating continued interest and research in 2013 in a European Geophysical Union conference presentation, and here with RSR's 2014 interview with QuakeFinder.
- The journal Nature reports that an average earthquake produces hundreds of millions of volts.
- During the upheaval of the global flood pressure in the crust produced enormous voltages that produced plasma surges in the crust.
- Those voltages smashed together the nuclei of atoms to create, in the crust, radioactive elements and massive, instantaneous apparent radioactive decay.
- Missing uniform distribution of earth's radioactivity: From our RSR debate with theoretical physicist (emphasis on the theoretical), Lawrence Krauss... The theory of chemical evolution claims that all of our radioactive elements were created in the explosion of stars, but that would predict a relatively uniform distribution on Earth, at least throughout the crust, and possibly the mantle too. However, in an otherwise contentious interview, Krauss agreed with Enyart's statement on air that 90% of Earth's radioactivity (uranium, thorium, potassium-40, etc.) is located in the continental crust, and Krauss added, a mystery for him, that it tends to concentrate around granite! That is, that 90% is not in the mantle nor in the enormous amount of the crust which lies under the oceans, but our planet's radioactivity is concentrated in 1/3rd of 1% of the Earth's mass, in the continental crust. (Further, the release of it's heat has not yet reached a steady state.) Krauss offered a partial explanation: that uranium was originally evenly distributed throughout (an alleged) molten earth but being a large atom, it floated toward the surface. This the bias of this physicist led him to forget, apparently, that it is density, and not size, that causes things to float. Even denser than gold, uranium is one of the most dense elements (excluding atheists and other manmade phenomena). Further, for argument's sake, that would only explain the relative absence of radioactivity deep in the Earth, but would not explain uranium's distancing itself from the mantle and from the oceanic crust, nor its affinity for the continents and even, of all things, for granite. Further, under Krauss' belief in the widespread falsehood that the planet was once molten, if so, then the gold in the crust should have sunk to the core! The creationists, on the other hand, have a theory based on observational science as to why radioactivity is concentrated around granite.

- Absurd consistency of uranium isotopes IF formed in space: Consider this from Walt Brown's Origin of Earth's Radioactivity chapter:

The isotopes of each chemical element have almost constant ratios with each other. ... Why is the ratio of 235U to 238U in uranium ore deposits so constant almost everywhere on Earth? One very precise study showed that the ratio is 0.0072842, with a standard deviation of only 0.000017. [There's less than one U235 atom, with its 700M year half-life, for every hundred U238s, with their 4.5B year half-lives.] Obviously, the more time that elapses between the formation of the various isotopes (such as 235U and 238U) and the farther they are transported to their current resting places, the more varied those ratios should be. The belief that these isotopes formed in a supernova explosion millions of light-years away and billions of years before the Earth formed and somehow collected in small ore bodies in a fixed ratio is absurd. Powerful explosions would have separated the lighter isotopes from the heavier isotopes.

Some radioisotopes simultaneously produce two or more daughters. When that happens, the daughters have very precise ratios to each other, called branching ratios or branching fractions. Uranium isotopes are an example, because they are daughter products of some even heavier element. Recall that the Proton-21 Laboratory has produced superheavy elements that instantly decayed. Also, the global flux of neutrons during the flood provided nuclei with enough neutrons to reach their maximum stability. Therefore, isotope ratios for a given element are fixed. Had the flux of neutrons originated in outer space, we would not see these constant ratios worldwide. Because these neutrons originated at many specific points in the globe-encircling crust, these fixed ratios are global.

- Waltbrownium, the IUPAC, and the Nobel Prize in Physics: The element that decayed into daughter products U-235 and U-238 is the naturally occurring though now-extinct waltbrownium. Symbol Wb. Atomic number (Z) 184. Atomic weight of > 473.07. 184 protons. > 289 neutrons. Solid at Earth's crustal temperatures and pressures. Half-life perhaps ~10 ns. Waltbrownium is the heaviest chemical element discovered (though indirectly) and therefore atop the post-Actinoid series. Wb is not [yet] an IUPAC officially named element but has been preliminarily named, here, by RSR. The identification of this element should earn its discoverer a Nobel Prize in Physics after he identified the evidence for its existence and the experimental evidence for its formation. The uniform uranium ratio provides the evidence to confirm that waltbrownium existed on the Earth. (This evidence provides as much, or even more, confirmation as neutrinos provide for solar fusion.) Further, the thousands of Proton-21 Laboratory experiments in the Ukraine (and in the U.S. at Sandia Nat'l Labs, Russia, Germany, and in Sweden at the Dept. for Applied Physics and Electronics, Umea University) provide the experimental evidence for Wb formation. This element was predicted in January 2012 when Brown, Ph.D. from MIT in mechanical engineering, published the two paragraphs immediately above.

- Non-HPT flood models (including Catastrophic Plate Tectonics) have a "heat problem" including because their accelerated decay explanation of Earth's radioactive elements (presented in its R.A.T.E. project) would melt much of the Earth, they admit, if it had actually happened as they envision and the heat was not suspernaturally removed. Regarding CPT for example, see RSR's Global Flood video just below, beginning at 25:29. The HPT on the other hand explains the origin of Earth's crustal radioactive materials in a way that removes heat! Wikipedia's nuclear binding energy article accurately explains: "For elements that weigh more than iron (a nucleus with 26 protons), the fusion process no longer releases energy. In even heavier nuclei energy is consumed, not released, by combining similar sized nuclei."
- Carbon 14 Dating Subject to Less Havoc: From rsr.org/14c: "Dr. Brown's theory for the origin of Earth's crustal radioactivity intrinsically explains the unreliability of heavy element radiometric dating of Earth rocks while recognizing Carbon 14 dating as relatively accurate (adjusting for the old earthers' erroneous assumption that 14c levels have been constant over the past 100,000 years). In the HPT, what appears to be accelerated radioactive decay applies to elements in the crust and inside the subterranean water chamber (i.e., beneath the firmament). This effect would not have applied to an element in the atmosphere, such as 14c. So as a result of widespread misunderstanding of Earth's history, old-earth geologists contend with infamously contradictory million- and billion-year radiometric dates, whereas carbon dating is not subject to the same extreme physical forces that play havoc with other radiometric dating methods."  

* Post-show Update: Physics experiments are demonstrating how all elements, including gold and silver, and radioactive elements like uranium and thorium, can be formed in the lab (and in the crust of the Earth as explained by Dr. Walt Brown's Hydropate Theory). Just click and search (ctrl-f) for the word: Kiev, to find the sidebar that begins like this: "Since February 2000, thousands of sophisticated experiments at the Proton-21 Electrodynamics Research Laboratory (Kiev, Ukraine) have demonstrated nuclear combustion by producing traces of all known chemical elements and their stable isotopes..."

Today's Resource: We invite you to enjoy, and then pass along to friends and family, RSR's...

The Global Flood and the Hydroplate Theory
Blu-ray, 2-DVD Set or HD Download

Real Science Radio co-host Bob Enyart presents the scientific evidence for Dr. Walt Brown’s model of the global flood, along with the relevant biblical material. Enyart also discusses Brown's opponents and contrasts both the vapor canopy and catastrophic plate tectonics with the hydroplate theory.

Vol. 1
1. Walt Brown, Creation Leaders, and Scripture
2. Hydroplate Theory & Scientific Evidence

Vol. 2
3. Hydroplates vs. Plate Tectonics
Bonus: Origin of Earth's Radioactivity

Get the Blu-ray or DVD for $24.99 or the HD video download for $19.99.

* RSR's Favorite Periodic Table: Atheist Michael Dayah developed the web's coolest interactive periodic table of elements. We invite you to enjoy his ptable.com while you pray for Michael! (And don't forget to fiddle with the slider.)

* Blyth Institute Research on Mutation By Design: Bob Enyart interviews Jonathan Bartlett, the layman who founded the Blyth Institute (.org) after spending years researching the nature of mutations to understand the genetic disease that tragically took the lives of his two young children. It turns out that while many mutations are random and apparently neutral or often harmful, our body itself intentionally induces a large percentage of mutations and targets them often at miniscule segments of the DNA with beneficial and needed results.

* 2016 Update: As our go-to guy for targeted antibodies, Bartlett returned to RSR to explain the science behind the latest extraordinary cancert treatment results from a clinical trial in which 33 of 35 advanced-stage Leukemia sufferers have seen their disease go into remission!

* RSR Prediction CONFIRMED: Bob & Fred celebrate the Russians findings which confirmed their creation-based prediction! Those expecting to see millions of years of evolution in isolated Lake Vostok were disappointed with the hard scientific findings while the creationists were celebrating! See this prediction confirmation at rsr.org/creation-science-predictions!

* Bill Nye Irony: When Bill Nye said that creationists cannot make scientific predictions (that would be later confirmed), ironically, he helped publicize the many astounding confirmed predictions of creation scientists. And secondly, he helped make our very own Real Science Radio program more discoverable to the general public. UPDATE: For as of June 2015, for the web search: creation science predictions, Google ranks our own program, RSR's List of Creation Science Predictions, at #3 of 1.2 million pages! :)

* Liquid Water Below Antarctica; Comets in Space: The Real Science Radio co-hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams predict that the Russian scientists who evaluate the data obtained from their 2-mile deep bore hole into Lake Vostok in Antarctica will be surprised to find evidence that seems to contradict the old-earth belief that it has been sealed off from light and air for 15 million years (i.e., three times longer than it took to allegedly evolve humans from chimp-like creatures). Consider this in light of micro and macro-evolution. Lake Vostok has only been frozen over for a few thousand years, not millions, so microevolution has only this relatively small amount of time to influence any sealed-in microbes. And since macroevolution does not occur, that is, no new vital organs have ever evolved (which should be obvious), fundamentally new body parts and metabolic pathways have never emerged, and while changes to wing color and beak length occur over time (as per the creation model), no creature has ever evolved into another kind of organism.

* Butterfly Update and Where Did the Water Go? Bob and Fred discuss an article from the Institute for Creation Research that uses the latest NASA space photo of the Earth to help answer the question, Where did all the water from the global flood go? (See the image to the left centered on the Pacific Ocean.) The guys also discuss two articles in the current Answers Magazine about butterfly technology and about what triggered the flood. RSR suggests that meteors could not have triggered the flood because they are the result of the flood. And finally, in the same vein, the two take issue with space.com's claim that a black hole at the heart of the Milky Way galaxy is devouring an asteroid about once a day. After all, asteroids are flying rock piles, and comets are dirty snow balls, and knowing their source really helps make the cosmos more understandable and our scientific predictions more reliable!

* Bob Enyart and Fred Williams Talk About Air and Life: The Real Science Radio co-hosts talk about animals, both on land and in the sea, designed to live comfortably with the enormous amounts of atmospheric and water pressure pressing in and down on us. The guys recommend that everyone subscribe to Answers Magazine from Ken Ham's Answers in Genesis ministry, where they found the article, Air Mass: A Weighty Topic in the 2012 winter edition.

* Florida Listener Asks about Amino Acids and Abortion: Isaac from Florida asked Bob and Fred to ponder the contradictory claims of many atheists regarding abiogenesis and abortion. By the way, abiogenesis is the study of how biological life might arise from inanimate matter through natural processes. (In their current debate on creation, Bob and the atheist AronRa both mentioned Lord Kelvin, a leading scientist who worked for decades after the publication of Darwin's Origin. Please consider his quote on abiogenesis from from the address he delivered as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, when after referencing the "vast mass of inductive evidence" in science, Lord Kelvin wrote:

"I am ready to adopt, as an article of scientific faith, true through all space and through all time, that life proceeds from life, and from nothing but life." -Kelvin

So, comparing abiogenesis to abortion, our listener Isaac references a 1952 experiment in which Miller and Urey synthesized amino acids in a test tube. Talk about better living through chemistry! That was an important accomplishment. But while amino acids are the building blocks of biological molecules, amino acids are not life. So Isaac points out a contradiction:

1) That amino acids are claimed as a representation of life (yet there is not even a living cell). And:
2) The male or female embryo, so full of living cells with his or her own DNA, etc... is not human life.

Now, American Right To Life has an article about the atheistic abortion activists who would contradict themselves by claiming that acid is life but an embryro is not life.

* Bob and Fred on the League of Reason Debate: The RSR co-hosts talk about Bob's written creation/evolution debate with AronRa and the League of Reason's Soft Tissue Deniers. (See the photo from an actual T. rex at the right, an image of a biofilm below, and the great two-minute video below.) The tissue deniers are both fearful of and willingly ignorant of the many recent peer-reviewed journal reports confirming five soft-tissue dinosaur finds!

* AronRa's Statistics: Hear about Aron criticizing Bob for using the same number of U.S. doctors (34%), from the same study that 'Ra used (Finkelstein's), of those who prefer intelligent design over evolution! And then there's that completely fabricated 99.86% stat that atheists have been claiming for years...

* And Then There's Lord Kelvin Himself: Check him out on RSF's KGOV.com/fathers-of-science#kelvin!

* Fish Fin Designed by God:  A dorsal fin, called an adipose fin, on some fish was thought by evolutionists to be a left over (vestigial) structure from its evolutionary past. Believing this to be so, biologists in fish hatcheries would cut these fins off thinking it would help the salmon survive better in the wild. It has now been shown that fish with that particular fin still attached are better swimmers. At one time, evolutionists believed that there were over 100 so-called vestigial organs, glands, or structures in the human body. Practically all have now been shown to have important functions with the trend indicating that the evolutionary assumptions here will have been wrong every time.

* Dinosaur Death Pose: Fossils of dinosaurs all over the world are found with their necks and heads bent backwards. Experiments show that the necks and heads of dead birds today that are buried in watery graves also bend backwards in the same manner. This is additional evidence supporting the creationist assertion that these articulated dinosaur skeletons were buried in a flood -- a big one. Bob asked if anyone in the audience would be willing to replicate one of the quail experiments mentioned. See this also at New Scientist.

* Old(er) Bird: Once again the evolutionary time line is set on its head. This time by a find in China in which a bird fossil is said to be much older than the supposed first bird, Archaeopteryx.

* Humming Bird Beaks: The beak of a humming bird is very flexible and can snap shut at an amazingly-fast speed (in just one-hundredth of a second), allowing for the bird to catch those pesky but very fast fruit flies.

* Did You Know that the Jellyfish-like Man-of-War Consists of Four Animals? Bob Enyart and Fred Williams describe the four symbiotic zooids that together form a colony making up the composite animal called the Portuguese Man-of-War. The guys present such complex interconnections as a challenge to those who believe in naturalistic origins. While these four zooids share the same DNA, unlike organs or limbs in our bodies, when separated, these individual zooids can survive on their own, admittedly though, not for long.

* Written Debate with Atheist AronRa Begins: The online written debate with well-known atheist AronRa began this week, so RSR describes Bob's first-round post and challenge about Isaac Newton to Aron. Stay tuned!

* Conclusion of the List: Today's program concludes last week's Part 1 of RSF's 2012 List of Not So Old Things which discussed the first half of these spectacular discoveries of dinosaur soft tissue, Adam & Eve in DNA, 3rd stage super novas, and carbon 14 everywhere it shouldn't be! Real Science Friday co-hosts Fred Williams and Bob Enyart observe their annual tradition by updating their growing list of scientific observations that challenge those who claim that the earth is millions of years old. Many of these scientific finds demand a re-evaluation of supposed billion-year ages:

* The Grand Canyon is Missing Millions of Years of Evidence of Erosion (and deposition) Here, Here, and Here: According to evolutionary geologists, there are MORE THAN 100 MILLION YEARS MISSING in the extraordinarily regular and straight layers of the Grand Canyon! Supposed geological layers entirely missing from the beautifully formed Grand Canyon strata include the Ordovician and the Silurian. The flat boundaries between strata provide hard evidence proving that millions of years of erosion DID NOT OCCUR, and that therefore, those millions of years DID NOT PASS, neither in the canyon nor anywhere on Earth, for they are an atheistic fiction.

* Dinosaur Soft Tissue, Adam & Eve in DNA, 3rd Stage Supernovas Nowhere, Carbon 14 Everywhere: Welcome to RSR's 2012 List of Not So Old Things! Real Science Radio co-hosts Fred Williams and Bob Enyart observe their annual tradition by updating their growing list of scientific observations that challenge those who claim that the earth is millions of years old.

* Original Dinosaur Tissue! Preparing for next Friday's show on our annual list of not so old things,  Real Science Friday co-hosts Fred Williams and Bob Enyart take time to discuss the growing number of soft-tissue dinosaur discoveries by world-renowned universities and as published in leading scientific journals. For links to sources, and more photos of actually dinosaur tissue, please see next week's program at KGOV.com/list!

Today's Resource: Have you browsed through our Science Department in the KGOV Store? Check out especially Walt Brown’s In the Beginning and Bob’s interviews with this great scientist in Walt Brown Week! You’ll also love Dr. Guillermo Gonzalez’ Privileged Planet (clip), and Illustra Media’s Unlocking the Mystery of Life (clip)! You can consider our BEL Science Pack; Bob Enyart’s Age of the Earth Debate; Bob's debate about Junk DNA with famous evolutionist Dr. Eugenie Scott; and the superb kids' radio programming, Jonathan Park: The Adventure Begins!